Shichifukujin: the Japanese Seven Lucky Gods
As suggested by their names, Shichifukujin are seven gods of fortune originating from the Japanese mythology.
Don't put them at the same level as a simple Maneki Neko (lucky cat) since they are gods and goddesses. Each of them are inspired by other deities from various religions (Hinduism, Buddhism, Shintoism ect) but their existence would date back the end of the Muromachi era (1336-1573).
It is believed that if you pray them, you will be spared from seven misfortunes and will be granted seven fortunes. Their worship is also due to the importance of the number 7 in Japan, which is supposedly a bearer of good luck.
Each deity also possesses his or her own particularities:
Ebisu(ten)
The one and only god purely originating from Japan and the Shintoism. Son of Izanagi and Izanami, the legend says when he was only three years old, Ebisuten still didn't know how to walk so he would have been left in a boat and sent away. Reaching a port, the child would have been rescued then worshipped by the local fishermen and merchants, hence his specificity. He is often associated with the following deity. |
Daikoku(ten)
The God of luck, he is seen as the incarnation of the hinduist god Shiva. |
Bishamon(ten)
One of the four celestial Buddhist kings, also called Tamon (ten). |
Ben(zai)ten
Benzaiten is the only goddess of the group.
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Fukurokuju
His long face, his long beard and his big ears enlight his old age. Apart from the crane or the turtle following him (both animals are a symbol of long life), you can recognise him by the stick decorated with a hanging scroll he leans on and his fan. Do not mistake him with another old man, who is followed by a deer! |
Juroujin
Another old man, who is accompanied by a deer and who is the embodiment of a star too. Juroujin and Fukurokujin are sometimes so similar that some tales assume they are actually living in the same body... |
Hoteison
Another bold head belonging to the God of generosity, fortune and abundance. |
They are often portrayed on board of the treasure boat Takarabune.
References to this popular boat as well as to the seen Gods of Luck themselves are widely used in the current pop culture such as the characters in the manga/anime Noragami, or in older pieces of art such as the Japanese wooblock printing on the cover of ths blog, painted by the famous artist Utagawa Kuniyoshi.